Broken capillaries on the hands, legs, and face – what are the causes?

Telangiectasias — commonly known as spider veins — are small, web-like dilated blood vessels that appear just beneath the surface of the skin. They typically measure between 0.1 and 0.4 mm in diameter and reach a depth of about 0.4 mm. In healthy individuals, blood vessels naturally expand and contract depending on various conditions. However, when this mechanism becomes impaired, fragile and less elastic vessels can break, forming visible thread-like lines. These purplish-red streaks branch out in a pattern that resembles a spider web — hence the name.

While they may seem purely cosmetic, spider veins can signal deeper issues. When they cluster in greater numbers, they may cause redness over a larger area of the skin.

Women are more prone to this condition, regardless of age, due to the influence of estrogen — a hormone that relaxes the walls of blood vessels, making them more likely to dilate. Broken capillaries are especially common in fair, thin, dry, and sensitive skin. On the face — especially the cheeks, nose, and décolleté — they often appear as red lines, while on the thighs and calves, they tend to be bluish or grey in color.

It’s important to note that spider veins are not just a cosmetic concern. They can also be an early sign of underlying health issues such as chronic venous insufficiency, rosacea, or even allergies.

Spider veins (or telangiectasias) are commonly divided into two types:
– Primary telangiectasias, linked to congenital skin or organ conditions
– Secondary telangiectasias, triggered by external factors, general health issues, or skin disorders.

They can appear at any age and affect many people, but some individuals are more prone to them. The most common causes include:

• Genetics – If one of your parents has visible capillaries, you’re more likely to develop them too. In some people, capillaries run very close to the surface of the skin, making them easier to see.

• Lack of physical activity – Prolonged sitting or standing puts strain on your veins, especially in the legs. Office workers, drivers, and retail staff are particularly at risk.

• Pregnancy – Hormonal changes and increased blood volume can lead to vein expansion and spider veins. These often fade about three months after giving birth.

• Hormonal contraception – Birth control pills may weaken vein walls due to the effect of hormones, increasing the risk of spider veins and varicose veins.

• Environmental factors – Extreme temperatures (hot or cold), high humidity, strong wind, sun exposure, or frequent use of tanning beds. Other contributing elements include pollution, harsh chemicals, and topical steroids (especially on the face and chest).

• Certain health conditions – Diabetes, high blood pressure, hormonal imbalances, and rosacea (people with rosacea are especially prone to spider veins).

• Incorrect skincare – Using products that contain strong fragrances or ethyl alcohol can irritate the skin and worsen vascular problems.

• Dietary triggers – Spicy foods and alcohol can dilate blood vessels, causing redness and increasing the risk of capillary rupture.

• Age – While broken capillaries can appear at any age, they are most commonly seen before age 35 or after 50.

Broken capillaries on the face or legs can develop into more serious and difficult-to-treat conditions.
That’s why their appearance should never be ignored. Treating broken capillaries is primarily about improving the appearance of the skin — especially since many women feel self-conscious and experience reduced confidence because of this visible issue.

The choice of treatment depends on where the spider veins are located and how widespread they are.
Today, broken capillaries can be effectively treated using modern methods — such as laser therapy.

Laser vein treatment is one of the most widely used methods for removing spider veins. During the procedure, laser energy is directed at the affected vessels, causing them to close and fade from view.
After treatment, noticeable bruising may appear (the stronger the laser, the more intense the bruising). Importantly, the skin’s condition after the procedure depends on the number and size of the capillaries and the patient’s skin sensitivity.

When treating varicose veins, foam sclerotherapy is often used. A special solution is injected into the blood vessel, causing the vessel walls to seal shut. The treatment brings fast, visible results and doesn’t require a hospital stay.
However, wearing compression stockings or tights is recommended during recovery.

Both laser therapy and sclerotherapy are typically performed between autumn and spring, as high temperatures are a contraindication — for two main reasons:
First, patients must wear compression garments (stockings or wraps), which can be uncomfortable in hot weather.
Second, sunbathing and solarium use are prohibited for several weeks after treatment.

Even though broken capillaries are painless, the problem can worsen over time if left untreated.
That’s why it’s worth following a few simple skincare and lifestyle tips, such as:

• Protecting your skin from UV rays by using broad-spectrum (UVA and UVB) sunscreens.
• Avoiding high heels and narrow-toed shoes, which can impair circulation in the legs.
• Not overheating the face, for example, by avoiding hot baths or steamy showers.
• Completely skipping the sauna, which can worsen vascular issues.
• Using rich, protective creams during winter and rainy weather to shield the skin.
• Avoiding harsh scrubs, warming masks, and clay masks that dry on the skin — opt instead for enzyme peels made for sensitive or redness-prone skin.
• Investing in high-quality skincare designed for couperose or capillary-prone skin, and using products that strengthen blood vessel walls.
• Supplementing with vitamin C, which supports collagen production — essential for maintaining the elasticity and thickness of blood vessels.
• Avoiding alcohol and spicy foods, both of which can trigger flushing and worsen the appearance of broken capillaries.

As you can see, many factors contribute to the formation of broken capillaries. With proper skincare and supplementation, it’s possible to strengthen areas prone to spider veins. However, this issue should never be ignored.
Broken capillaries can be an early warning sign of more serious problems within the circulatory system. If you notice such changes on your skin, it’s important to consult a doctor as soon as possible. Depending on the location and extent of the visible veins, a specialist will recommend the appropriate treatment.